Grammar – ຄວາມຫມາຍຂອງ Tense ແລະ ໂຄງສ້າງຂອງ Tense 12 Tenses

Tense ແປວ່າ “ກາລະ” ຫມາຍເຖິງ “ການຮຽນຮູ້ຮູບແບບຂອງຄຳກຳມະ (ກິລິຍາ) ທີ່ໄປສະແດງເຖິງເຫດການຫລືການກະທຳຕ່າງໆ ວ່າ ໄດ້ເກີດຂຶ້ນແລ້ວ ກຳລັງເກີດຂຶ້ນຢູ່ ຫລືວ່າຍັງບໍ່ທັນໄດ້ເກີດຂຶ້ນ ແລະຈົບລົງຕ່າງກຳຕ່າງວາລະກັນແນວໃດ ບ່ອນໃດ ເມື່ອໃດ”

ໃນພາສາອັງກິດແບ່ງ Tense ອອກເປັນ 3 ຢ່າງຄື:

1. Present Tense = ກາລະປະຈຸບັນ

2. Past Tense = ກະລະອາດີດ

3. Future Tense = ກາລະອະນາຄົດ

ແຕ່ລະ Tense ທີ່ເວົ້າມານີ້ຍັງແບ່ງເປັນ Tense ຍ່ອຍໆ ລົງໄປໄດ້ອີກຢ່າງລະ 4 Tense ສະນັ້ນ 3 ຄູນ 4 ຈຶ່ງເທົ່າກັບ 12 Tense ຍ່ອຍຄື:

Simple Tense = ທຳມະດາ

Continuous Tense = ກຳລັງກະທຳ

Perfect Tense = ສົມບູນ

Perfect Continuous Tense = ສົມບູນກຳລັງກະທຳ

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ໂຄງສ້າງຂອງ Tense 12 Tense

Present

Simple

S + Verb 1 (ປະທານເອກະພົດໃຫ້ຕື່ມ s) + ………

Continuous

S + is, am are + Verb 1 ຕື່ມ ing + ………

Perfect

S + have, has + Verb 3 + ………

Perfect Conti.

S + have, has + been + Verb 1 ຕື່ມ ing + ………

Past

Simple

S + Verb 2 (ບາງເທື່ອກໍ່ຕື່ມ ed, ບາງເທື່ອກໍ່ປ່ຽນຮູບ ) + ………

Continuous

S + was, were + Verb 1 ຕື່ມ ing + ………

Perfect

S + had + Verb 3 + ………

Perfect Conti.

S + had + been + Verb 1 ຕື່ມ ing + ………

Future

Simple

S + will, shall + Verb 1 (ບໍ່ຕື່ມຫຍັງ ) + ………

Continuous

S + will, shall + be + Verb 1 ຕື່ມ ing + ………

Perfect

S + will, shall + have + Verb 3 + ………

Perfect Conti.

S + will, shall + have + been + Verb 1 ຕື່ມ ing + ………

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ຕົວຢ່າງປະໂຫຍກສຳເລັດຂອງ Tense 12 #1

Present

Simple

I go. = ຂ້ອຍໄປ.

Continuous

I am going. = ຂ້ອຍກຳລັງໄປ.

Perfect

I have gone. = ຂ້ອຍໄດ້ໄປແລ້ວ.

Perfect Conti.

I have been going  = ຂ້ອຍໄດ້ກຳລັງໄປແລ້ວ.

Past

Simple

I went. ຂ້ອຍໄປແລ້ວ.

Continuous

I was going. = ຂ້ອຍກຳລັງໄປແລ້ວ.

Perfect

I had gone. = ຂ້ອຍໄດ້ໄປແລ້ວ.

Perfect Conti.

I had been going. = ຂ້ອຍໄດ້ກຳລັງໄປແລ້ວ.

Future

Simple

I shall go. = ຂ້ອຍຈະໄປ.

Continuous

I shall be going. = ຂ້ອຍຈະກຳລັງໄປ.

Perfect

I shall have gone. = ຂ້ອຍຈະໄດ້ໄປແລ້ວ.

Perfect Conti.

I shall have been going. = ຂ້ອຍຈະໄດ້ກຳລັງໄປແລ້ວ.

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ຕົວຢ່າງປະໂຫຍກສຳເລັດຂອງ Tense 12 #2

Present

Simple

He sits. = ລາວນັ່ງ.

Continuous

He is sitting. = ລາວກຳລັງນັ່ງ.

Perfect

He has sat. = ລາວໄດ້ນັ່ງແລ້ວ.

Perfect Conti.

He has been sitting. = ລາວໄດ້ກຳລັງນັ່ງແລ້ວ.

Past

Simple

He sat. = ລາວນັ່ງແລ້ວ.

Continuous

He was sitting. = ລາວກຳລັງນັ່ງແລ້ວ.

Perfect

He had sat. = ລາວໄດ້ນັ່ງແລ້ວ.

Perfect Conti.

He had been sitting. = ລາວໄດ້ກຳລັງນັ່ງແລ້ວ.

Future

Simple

He will sit. = ລາວຈະນັ່ງ.

Continuous

He will be sitting. = ລາວຈະກຳລັງນັ່ງ.

Perfect

He will have sat. = ລາວຈະໄດ້ນັ່ງແລ້ວ.

Perfect Conti.

He will have been sitting. = ລາວຈະໄດ້ກຳລັງນັ່ງແລ້ວ.

h